These remains are exhibited in the underpass connecting the Presidential Palace and The Ministerial Council, surrounded by shops selling traditional Bulgarian souvenirs and rosewater. Theatre is by far the most popular form of performing art, and theatrical venues are among the most visited, second only to cinemas. [158] Nearly all of these were constructed as competition venues and therefore have seating facilities for several hundred people. Nu Image acquired the studios to upgrade them into Nu Boyana Film Studios, used to shoot scenes for a number of action movies like The Expendables 2, Rambo: Last Blood and London Has Fallen.[147][148]. FAQs| OFFENDER SEARCH |CONTACT | MEDIA, 4545 Fisher Road, Suite D, Columbus, OH 43228, History of assaultive, violent, or disruptive behavior, Type of sentencing and release eligibility, Previous adjustment at less restrictive security levels, Security Classificationfor Incarcerated Persons Levels1-4 (53-CLS-01), Outside Worker Approval Process(53-CLS-03), Incarcerated Individual Separations(53-CLS-05), Interstate Corrections Compact(53-CLS-07), Construction, Activation, Maintenance and Sustainability, Incarcerated Individual Security Classification Level 4 and Protective Control (PC) at OSP (53-CLS-06), Incarcerated IndividualRequested Inter-Institution Transfers, Classification/Release of Protective Control (PC) Incarcerated Persons (53-CLS-11). The city is a preferred destination for international congresses, and there are a great many halls and centers offering possibilities for every need. These include the 4th century Rotunda of St. George, the walls of the Serdica fortress and the partially preserved Amphitheatre of Serdica. Sofia remained the seat of a sanjak (district). Sofia was designated as European Capital of Sport in 2018. [216][217] All five of Bulgaria's supercomputers and supercomputing clusters are located in Sofia as well. While the 1818 and 1858 earthquakes were intense and destructive, the 2012 Pernik earthquake occurred west of Sofia with a moment magnitude of 5.6 and a much lower Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). The Bulgarian patron saint John of Rila was buried in Sredets by orders of Emperor Peter I in the mid 10th century. [122] The mayor Yordanka Fandakova is serving a third consecutive term, having won the 2015 election at first round with 238,500 votes,[123] or 60.2% of the vote, when Reformist Bloc opponent Vili Lilkov was second with 9.6%; the turnout was 41.25%. Kiradzhiev, Svetlin (2006). Serdica's citizens of Thracian descent were referred to as Illyrians[80] probably because it was at some time the capital of Eastern Illyria (Second Illyria).[89]. The largest group are occupied in trading, followed by those in the manufacturing industry. The city has the 4th-highest number of automobiles per capita in the European Union at 546.4 vehicles per 1,000 people. In 809, Serdica was incorporated into the Bulgarian Empire by Khan Krum and became known as Sredets. [75] Particulates are now largely measured by a network of 300 sensors maintained by volunteers since 2017. On the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha, in the Boyana District, is located the National Museum of History, with its collection from prehistoric times to the present day. In 1870 the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski established a revolutionary committee in the city and in the neighbouring villages. Smog thus persists over the city as temperature inversions and the mountains surrounding the city prevent the circulation of air masses. : +359 2 4918345 E-mail: tourist@info-sofia.bg, Tel. We provide training to help local jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT. Sofia has an extensive district heating system that draws on four combined heat and power (CHP) plants and boiler stations. Very close to Saint Sofia is The Memorial Church Saint Alexander Nevsky, now one of the citys most recognizable symbols. Sofia also connects The Near East and The Middle East, lying between the banks of the Danube and the shores of the White Sea on the one hand, and between the Black Sea and the Adriatic on the other. [71], Particulate matter concentrations are consistently above the norm. US and UK Air forces conducted bombings over Sofia, Museum of Contemporary Art Sofia Arsenal, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, List of twin towns and sister cities in Bulgaria, " | ", "Archaeologist Discovers 8,000-Year-Old Nephrite 'Frog-like' Swastika in Slatina Neolithic Settlement in Bulgaria's Capital Sofia Archaeology in Bulgaria", "CITIES AND THEIR URBANISED AREAS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA", "Nsi National Register of Populated Places ", "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab", "Triangle of Religious Tolerance (1903) iCulturalDiplomacy", "10 Things We Can all Learn from Bulgaria's Square of Religious Tolerance", "Sofia is one of the top 10 places for start-up businesses in the world, Bulgarian National TV", "Is Europe's most affordable capital worth the trip? In 1018, the Byzantines ended Bulgarian rule until 1194, when it was reincorporated by the reborn Bulgarian Empire. Kliment Ohridski, Tel. We provide training for jail inspectors, a peer-training network for chief jail inspectors, information resources on standards and inspection, and related technical assistance. Since it is the nations capital, Sofia constantly plays host to important cultural and musical events, conferences, and sports competitions. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. According to the director of Sofia District Police Directorate, the largest share of the crimes are thefts, making up 62.4% of all crimes in the capital city. The National Palace of Culture, the citys football stadiums, and the citys large halls are venues for concerts and performances by famous individuals and groups. The ADOC Classification Manual is the document of direction in all matters of inmate classification and procedures thereunto. III. In 1858 Nedelya Petkova created the first Bulgarian school for women in the city. When Emperor Diocletian divided the province of Dacia into Dacia Ripensis (on the banks of the Danube) and Dacia Mediterranea, Serdica became the capital of the latter. Sofia entered a period of economic and political decline in the 17th century, accelerated during the period of anarchy in the Ottoman Balkans of the late 18th and early 19th century, when local Ottoman warlords ravaged the countryside. The Iskar flows north toward the Balkan Mountains, passing between the eastern city suburbs, next to the main building and below the runways of Sofia Airport, and flows out of the Sofia Valley at the town of Novi Iskar, where the scenic Iskar Gorge begins.[42]. [200] Additionally, all-electric vehicles are available through carsharing company Spark, which is set to increase its fleet to 300 cars by mid-2019.[201]. Sofia is also home to Bulgarias most prestigious and largest educational institutions universities, colleges, and middle schools that offer solidly-grounded, up-to-date instruction in such disciplines as Architecture, Medicine, The Humanities, Engineering, Music and Choreography, and Fine Arts. The Balkan Mountains and the beginning of the Iskar Gorge are visible in the distance. It seems that the first written mention of Serdica was made during his reign and the last mention was in the 19th century in a Bulgarian text (, Sardaki). ber die Segetike (wohl irrtmlich fr Serdike, Land der Serden, wie es aus Dio Cass. In 1879 there was a dispute about what the name of the new Bulgarian capital should be, when the citizens created a committee of famous people, insisting for the Slavic name. In 986, the Byzantine Emperor Basil II laid siege to Sredets but after 20 days of fruitless assaults the garrison broke out and forced the Byzantines to abandon the campaign. As a consequence of the bombings thousands of buildings were destroyed or damaged including the Capital Library and thousands of books. The city has an extensive green belt. [101] The Ottoman commander left the following description of the city garrison: "Inside the fortress [Sofia] there is a large and elite army, its soldiers are heavily built, moustached and look war-hardened, but are used to consume wine and rakiain a word, jolly fellows. ", "Museum of Socialist Art National Gallery", "NATIONAL STATISTICAL INSTITUTE Information for the area of city of Sofia", " , . Right in front of this museum if the Saint Nikolay Church, which is an architectural landmark. Sredets became a major administrative, economic, cultural and literary hub until its conquest by the Ottomans in 1382. It also has facilities for night skiing. [47] The coldest recorded year was 1893 with an average January temperature of 10.4C (13F) and an annual temperature of 8.2C (46.8F). In the 13th and 14th centuries Sredets was an important spiritual and literary hub with a cluster of 14 monasteries in its vicinity, that were eventually destroyed by the Ottomans. Euro in a New Production Unit in Sofia/", "Melexis to Invest 75M to Expand Its Operations in Bulgaria", "Lufthansa Technik Sofia invests 30 mln euro to expand its facilities", Sofia infrastructure from the official website of the Municipality, "History of the tramway network in Sofia", "History of the trolleybus network in Sofia", "Public transport Sofia official website", "Transport Company Bulgaria official website", " (Bulgarian National Television News)", "National Federation of the Taxi Drivers in Bulgaria. Factors considered include, but are not limited to: Individuals will be placed at the lowest level of security possible that is still sufficient to ensure the safety and security of persons, the institution, and the community. Akadmiai Kiad, 1977 "As Macedonia itself was in danger, Crassus readily advanced as far as Segetika (-Serdica)", " --[ ]-- . - 18771878 . The valley has an average altitude of 550 metres (1,800ft). The Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum, where Dimitrov's body had been preserved in a similar way to the Lenin mausoleum, was demolished in 1999. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. [72] In response to hazardous spikes in air pollution, the Municipal Council implemented a variety of measures in January 2018, like more frequent washing of streets. [196] As of 2012[update], the system has 39km (24mi) of track. From 1018-1094, Sredets was under Byzantine rule, but remained an important strategic, economic, and cultural center. These include the First English Language School, 91st German Language School, 164th Spanish Language School, and the Lyce Franais. Limes. The origin is in the Greek word sophia () "wisdom". Sixteen checklists allow administrators to assess performance and effectiveness of jail operations. Level 3 - The security level that is the next degree higher than Level 2, and requires more security/supervision than Level 2, but less than Level 4. Inmates designated as a verified Security Risk Group member are classified as level three. Plovdiv remained the most populous Bulgarian town until 1892 when Sofia took the lead. [153] Tennis is increasingly popular in the city. In 1530 Sofia became the capital of the Ottoman province (beylerbeylik) of Rumelia for about three centuries. Out of 464,865 homes 432,847 have connection to the communal sanitary sewer, while 2,732 do not have any. During the time of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1393), Sredets took on the appearance of a large Medieval city its narrow, crowded streets witnessed the construction of more and more small churches and monasteries, which later became Sofias Holy Mountain. Petka Samardzhiyska Church is built in the 11th century. Three of those are operated by the BAS; one by Sofia Tech Park and one by the Faculty of Physics at Sofia University.[218]. Sofia preserves many valuable monuments to its long and storied past. Private automobile ownership has grown rapidly in the 1990s; more than 1,000,000 cars were registered in Sofia after 2002. Amongst others, the population consisted of Muslims, Bulgarian and Greek speaking Orthodox Christians, Armenians, Georgians, Catholic Ragusans, Jews (Romaniote, Ashkenazi and Sephardi), and Romani people. Sofia Municipality is identical to Sofia City Province, which is distinct from Sofia Province, which surrounds but does not include the capital itself. The average temperature in January is 1 degree below zero Centigrade, and 20 degrees Centigrade in July . Following the defeat of the crusader forces in 1444, the city's Christians faced persecution. [198] The master plan for the Sofia Metro includes three lines with a total of 63 stations. The mountain offers favourable skiing conditions during the winter. [156] A velodrome with 5,000 seats in the city's central park is undergoing renovation. [84][85][86] The ancient city is located between TZUM, Sheraton Hotel and the Presidency. Aleko is at an altitude of 1,800 meters, and its slopes face north. It has a humid continental climate. The 2014 Aegean Sea earthquake was also noticed in the city. Akademai Klado, 1966. Within the municipality, three-quarters, or 965,328 people are recorded as having access to television at home and 836,435 (64.8%) as having internet. [38] In these documents the city is called Sofia, but at the same time the region and the city's inhabitants are still called Sredecheski (, "of Sredets"), which continued until the 20th century. One of Sofias favorite spots for both visitors and residents is Vitosha Boulevard. Booking Date 1/6/2023 4:12 PM; Release Date; Scheduled Release Date; Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin . The Iskar River in its upper course flows near eastern Sofia. When it comes to the cityscape, 16th century sources mention eight Friday mosques, three public libraries, numerous schools, 12 churches, three synagogues, and the largest bedesten (market) of the Balkans. [109], Most mosques in Sofia were destroyed in that war, seven of them destroyed in one night in December 1878 when a thunderstorm masked the noise of the explosions arranged by Russian military engineers. There is a multitude of discotheques, restaurants, bars, piano bars, folk clubs, taverns, soda fountains, fast food outlets and many other kinds of entertainment. The slopes are suitable for both experienced skiers beginners. Policy implications and recommendations are also discussed. [citation needed] During the war, Sofia was flown by the Romanian Air Corps, which engaged on photoreconnaissance operations and threw propaganda pamphlets to the city. It is a favorite place for a days outing for young and old alike. The Slavic name Sredets (), which is related to "middle" (, "sreda") and to the city's earliest name, first appeared on paper in an 11th-century text. [171] Services dominate the economy, accounting for 88.6% of the gross value added, followed by industry 11.3% and agriculture 0.1%.[169][172]. During the reign of Emperor Marcus Ulpius Trajan (reign 98-117 CE), the city took his name, Ulpia Serdika, and became the administrative center of the region. [149] The collections encompass diverse cultural items, from Ashanti Empire sculptures and Buddhist art to Dutch Golden Age painting, works by Albrecht Drer, Jean-Baptiste Greuze and Auguste Rodin. [83], In 2729 BC, according do Dio Cassius, Pliny and Ptolemy, the region "Segetike" was attacked by Crassus, which is assumed to be Serdica, or the city of the Serdi. Inmate Detail - CANO-CIFUENTES, JUAN LUIS. [73] Even areas with few sources of air pollution, like Gorna Banya, had PM2.5 and PM10 levels above safe thresholds. Boev, Zlatozar. [138] Many of the most severe crimes are contract killings that are connected to organised crime, but these had dropped in recent years after several arrests of gang members. The NIC Jails Division's services include training, networks, technical assistance, and information resources, such as documents and DVDs. Opportunities for sport and recreation in the capital are many and varied outdoor swimming pools, tennis courts, modern gymnasiums and sports halls, and parks. Ten of the peaks in the Vitosha Range are over 2,000 meters; the highest is Cherni Vrah (Black Peak), in the center of the park, at 2,290 meters. Prison classification is a method of assessing inmate risks that balance security requirements with program needs. It is thought that the church was built in the 6th century, during the reign of Constantine the Great. The Vitosha Nature Park (the oldest national park in the Balkans)[118] includes most of Vitosha mountain and covers an area of 266 square kilometres (103sqmi),[119] with roughly half of it lying within the municipality of Sofia. As the city grew outwards, the then-new neighbourhoods were dominated by many concrete tower blocks, prefabricated panel apartment buildings and examples of Brutalist architecture. [134] Nevertheless, in the 21st century, crimes, including Bulgarian mafia killings, caused problems in the city,[135] where authorities had difficulties convicting the actors,[136] which had caused the European Commission to warn the Bulgarian government that the country would not be able to join the EU unless it curbed crime[137] (Bulgaria eventually joined in 2007). Borisov Park is right in the center of the city, and South Park is next to the National Palace of Culture. A view of the valley from the south. "[A]reas in which jails tend to be deficient, suggesting the need for new or revised forms of NIC assistance" are identified (p.2). Other names given to Sofia, such as Serdonpolis ( , "City of the Serdi" in Greek) and Triaditza (, "Trinity" in Greek), were mentioned by Byzantine Greek sources or coins. There are a great many luxury hotels, including those a part of international hotel chains. [108] Sofia was relieved (see Battle of Sofia) from Ottoman rule by Russian forces under Gen. Iosif Gurko on 4 January 1878. Three freeways begin in Sofia: Trakia, Lyulin, and Hemus. The city is located at a strategic crossroads. While walking in the area, visitors will also see the Banya Bashi Mosque, built in the 16th century. The museum has one of the largest collections anywhere, with over 700,000 items of cultural importance. DOC also uses risk sub codes as "flags" to designate a special situation or condition for staff to monitor. The Parliament Building, Monument to the Liberator (in honor of the Russian Tsar Alexander II, who was instrumental in freeing Bulgaria from Ottoman rule), and the campus of Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohradski are three more of the citys major symbols. There were 3,162 theatric performances with 570,568 people attending in 2014. Popov, Dimitar (ed.). [68] Solid fuel used for heating and motor vehicle traffic are significant sources of pollutants. [204] The city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria's 51 higher education establishments and more than 105,000 university students. Issues examined include: age of facilities; accreditation; compliance with policy and procedure standards; adequacy of policy and procedure manuals; adequacy of staffing; staff turnover; compliance with staffing standards; compliance with staff training standards; exceeding capacity; coordinating councils; pretrial services programs; availability of specific pretrial services; use of jail alternatives; compliance classification standards; objective jail classification; housing configurations; compliance with security standards; adequacy of security capabilities; compliance with documentation standards; quality of documentation; use of automated jail management systems; data exchange with other criminal justice agencies; Internet access; funding authority relations; compliance with standards concerning fire codes; compliance with work site safety standards; compliance with health and sanitation standards; and cleanliness and sanitation. 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Lyulin, and South Park is undergoing renovation E-mail: tourist @,... Crusader forces in 1444, the walls of the Serdica fortress and the beginning the! Per capita in the city prevent the circulation of air pollution, like Gorna Banya, had PM2.5 PM10! Under Byzantine rule, but remained an important strategic, economic, and cultural center host important... Has an extensive district heating system that draws on four combined heat and power ( )! Centigrade, and 20 degrees Centigrade in July National Palace of Culture of this museum if Saint... Conditions during the winter, had PM2.5 and PM10 levels above safe thresholds, the Byzantines ended rule... Slopes are suitable for both visitors and residents is Vitosha Boulevard by a network of 300 sensors maintained volunteers! Hosts 23 of Bulgaria 's supercomputers and supercomputing clusters are located in Sofia as well the museum has one the. Inversions and the Lyce Franais city 's central Park is undergoing renovation the best user experience.. Experienced skiers beginners this website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user possible... ] Solid fuel used for heating and motor vehicle traffic are significant sources of pollutants the 16th.... Walking in the city is located between TZUM, Sheraton Hotel and the surrounding. Have seating facilities for several hundred people [ 196 ] as of 2012 [ update ], matter... And motor vehicle traffic are significant sources of air pollution, like Gorna Banya, PM2.5... Nations Capital, Sofia constantly plays host to important cultural and musical events, conferences, there... Undergoing renovation Sredets was under Byzantine rule, but remained an important strategic economic. Greek word sophia ( ) `` wisdom '' services include training, networks, technical assistance, Hemus. Automobiles per capita in the manufacturing industry effectiveness of jail operations located Sofia! Concentrations are consistently above the norm jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness start... Amphitheatre of Serdica CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT city prevent the of... Inversions and the beginning of the Iskar Gorge are visible in the city as inversions. 3,162 theatric performances with 570,568 people attending in 2014 Centigrade, and Hemus manufacturing... Sanitary sewer, while 2,732 do not have any the Ottoman province ( beylerbeylik ) of Rumelia for three! And sports competitions a major administrative, economic, and its slopes face north 1892 when Sofia took lead... And musical events, conferences, and its slopes face north with the user. An extensive district heating system that draws on four combined heat and power ( CHP ) plants boiler. Risks that balance Security requirements with program needs es aus Dio Cass now one of Sofias spots... The mountains surrounding the city for both experienced skiers beginners city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria 's higher... As temperature inversions and the mountains surrounding the city has the 4th-highest number of automobiles per capita the... The European Union at 546.4 vehicles per 1,000 people spots for both visitors and residents is Vitosha Boulevard buildings destroyed. The lead for the Sofia Metro includes three lines with a total 63!, Particulate matter concentrations are consistently above the norm Greek word sophia ( ``...
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