[270] The moratorium suspended work on 33rigs,[270] and a group of affected companies formed the Back to Work Coalition. That 80 percent resulted in $5.3 billion going to the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Trust Fund, dedicated to five priorities, commonly called funding buckets: Amount of civil penalties collected from the Clean Water Act and dedicated by the federal RESTORE Act to the Gulf. Dispersants, Bacteria and Illness in the Gulf, "West Siberian research institute to help clean up Deepwater Horizon spill", BP withholds oil spill facts and government lets it, White House and BP legal wrangling: more damage to collaborative work in disaster response, "Deepwater Horizon NOTAM Overview: Air Traffic Organization, System Operations, Security", "Is BP Stopping Journalists from Observing the Oil Slick? [289], The Organization for International Investment, a Washington D.C.-based advocate for overseas investment in the United States, warned that the heated rhetoric was potentially damaging the reputation of British companies with operations in the United States and could spark a wave of U.S. protectionism that would restrict British firms from government contracts, political donations and lobbying. [360], Barbier ruled that BP had acted with conscious disregard of known risks" and rejected BP's assertion that other parties were equally responsible for the oil spill. ", "Gulf oil spill: Has BP 'turned corner' with siphon success? The oil well over which it was positioned was located on the seabed 4,993 feet (1,522 metres) below the surface and extended approximately 18,000 feet (5,486 metres) into the rock. [204] In March 2012, a definitive link was found between the death of a Gulf coral community and the spill. [340] BP says that it has $9.5billion in assets set aside in a trust to pay the claims, and the settlement will not increase the $37.2billion the company budgeted for spill-related expenses. Major oil spills in the GoM such as the Deepwater Horizon (DWH 2010) and the Ixtoc 1 (1979) resulted in extensive pollution of the pelagic, sea-floor, and coastal ecosystems. The British Petroleum oil spill (BP oil spill), also known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, is the largest oil spill in the history of the petroleum production industry [11] . In their statement the DOJ said that some of BP's arguments were "plainly misleading" and that the court should ignore BP's In March 2014, BP was again allowed to bid for oil and gas leases. Phototrophs and obligated aerobic organisms will be affected due to the lack of light or oxygen respectively. Post-oil spill samples on the other hand, contain mostly oil-degrading organisms with drastic decrease in diversity. According to EPA's report, the released amount is not enough to pose an added cancer risk to workers and coastal residents, while a second research team concluded that there was only a small added risk. [116], Dispersants are said to facilitate the digestion of the oil by microbes. [74] Pumping heavy drilling fluids into the blowout preventer to restrict the flow of oil before sealing it permanently with cement ("top kill") also failed. [248], A 2012 survey of the health effects of the spill on cleanup workers reported "eye, nose and throat irritation; respiratory problems; blood in urine, vomit and rectal bleeding; seizures; nausea and violent vomiting episodes that last for hours; skin irritation, burning and lesions; short-term memory loss and confusion; liver and kidney damage; central nervous system effects and nervous system damage; hypertension; and miscarriages". In July 2010, it was reported that the spill was "already having a 'devastating' effect on marine life in the Gulf". The study is run by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and will last at least five years. Due to the magnitude of this event and environmental and political damage it caused, a significant scientific effort has been made to study its effect on ocean and coastal ecosystems. [355], The trial's first phase was to determine the liability of BP, Transocean, Halliburton, and other companies, and if they acted with gross negligence and willful misconduct. [262] NOAA had closed 86,985sqmi (225,290km2), or approximately 36% of Federal waters in the Gulf of Mexico, for commercial fishing causing $2.5billion cost for the fishing industry. "[304], The U.S. government rejected offers of cleanup help from Canada, Croatia, France, Germany, Ireland, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Romania, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United Nations. [367] David Rainey, BP's former vice-president for exploration in the Gulf of Mexico, was charged with obstructing Congress by misrepresenting the rate that oil was flowing out of the well. Detailed allocations and project information can be found on the Trustee Council website. Based on 16S rRNA gene community analysis, the most prominent group of hydrocarbon degraders detected at contaminated sites were from the genus Pseudomonas [9]. [26][27], In September 2014, a United States District Court judge ruled that BP was primarily responsible for the oil spill because of its gross negligence and reckless conduct. These traditional techniques are limited in effectiveness and are expensive due to the large area affected by the BP oil spill. Official websites use .gov Those funds are credited towards the possible final $8.8 billion total. One quarter of that has been burned, captured or skimmed, according to U.S.. [181], On 15 April 2014, BP announced that cleanup along the coast was substantially complete, while the United States Coast Guard work continued using physical barriers such as floating booms, the cleanup workers' objective was to keep the oil from spreading any further. Deepwater Horizon. In 2011, one year after the spill, BP agreed to provide up to $1 billion toward early restoration projects in the Gulf of Mexico. The well is situated in the Macondo Prospect in Mississippi Canyon Block 253 (MC253) of the Gulf of Mexico, in the United States' exclusive economic zone. But this was only the start of the disaster. [348], On 3 January 2013, the US Justice Department announced "Transocean Deepwater Inc. has agreed to plead guilty to violating the Clean Water Act and to pay a total of $1.4billion in civil and criminal fines and penalties". The United States federal government estimated the total discharge at 4,900Mbbl (210million USgal; 780,000m3). [188][189] Between May and June 2010, the spill waters contained 40 times more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than before the spill. [201] Prior to the spill, approximately 0.1% of Gulf fish had lesions or sores. [31] Built by South Korean company Hyundai Heavy Industries[32] and owned by Transocean, the rig operated under the Marshallese flag of convenience, and was chartered to BP from March 2008 to September 2013. BP will pay $4.5billion in fines and other payments, the largest of its kind in US history. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the "BP oil spill") was an industrial disaster that began on 20 April 2010 off of the coast of the United States in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect, considered to be the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and estimated to be 8 to 31 percent larger in volume than the previous largest, the . [28][361], On 2 July 2015, BP, the U.S. Justice Department and five gulf states announced that the company agreed to pay a record settlement of $18.7billion. [78] Before the tube was removed, it collected 924,000USgal (22,000bbl; 3,500m3) of oil. [38][39] Ninety-four crew members were rescued by lifeboat or helicopter, 17 of whom were treated for injuries. [129] Dispersant and PAHs from oil are believed to have caused "disturbing numbers" of mutated fish that scientists and commercial fishers saw in 2012, including 50% of shrimp found lacking eyes and eye sockets. [13] Subsea injection had never previously been tried but due to the spill's unprecedented nature BP together with USCG and EPA decided to use it. Repeated or excessive exposure may cause injury to red blood cells (hemolysis), kidney or the liver. The manual adds: Excessive exposure may cause central nervous system effects, nausea, vomiting, anesthetic or narcotic effects. It advises, Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing, and Wear suitable protective clothing. For Corexit 9500 the manual advised, Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing, Avoid breathing vapor, and Wear suitable protective clothing. According to FOIA requests obtained by GAP, neither the protective gear nor the manual were distributed to Gulf oil spill cleanup workers. Initial testing regularly showed detectable levels of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, a chemical used in the clean up. Damage Assessment, Remediation, and Restoration Program. Tests for chemical exposure in the seven fishermen were negative; NIOSH concluded that the hospitalizations were most likely a result of heat, fatigue, and terpenes that were being used to clean the decks. During this transition period additional $404million in claims were paid. "[309] The investigation by United States Attorney General Eric Holder was announced on 1 June 2010. [148] In a major study on the plume, experts were most concerned about the slow pace at which the oil was breaking down in the cold, 40F (4C) water at depths of 3,000ft (900m). The Deepwater Horizon oil spill added roughly 800 million liters of hydrocarbons to the Gulf of Mexico. In their report, they suggest the possibility that respiratory symptoms might have been caused by high levels of ozone or reactive aldehydes in the air, possibly produced from photochemical reactions in the oil. [23][24][25] As of 2018[update], cleanup costs, charges and penalties had cost the company more than $65billion. Diaz warned that "chronic adverse health effects, including cancers, liver and kidney disease, mental health disorders, birth defects and developmental disorders should be anticipated among sensitive populations and those most heavily exposed". [59] As of January2011[update], tar balls, oil sheen trails, fouled wetlands marsh grass and coastal sands were still evident. BP issued a statement strongly disagreeing with the finding, and saying the court's decision would be appealed. [229], A 2015 study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, published in PLOS ONE, links the sharp increase in dolphin deaths to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. 2179 "DEEPWATER HORIZON" IN THE GULF: OF MEXICO, ON APRIL 20, 2010", "U.S. bans BP from new government contracts after oil spill deal", "US court accepts BP's Macondo guilty plea", "BP Will Pay $4.5B in Plea Deal over Macondo", "Transocean Agrees to Plead Guilty to Environmental Crime and Enter Civil Settlement to Resolve U.S. Clean Water Act Penalty Claims from Deepwater Horizon Incident", "Halliburton Pleads Guilty to Destroying Evidence After Gulf Spill", "Judges Call BP's Arguments "Nonsensical", "The ideas that underly BP's cert petition don't make sense", "BP's Appeal Fails to Interest Supreme Court, Cert Denied", "Halliburton to pay around $1.1 bn for US oil spill claims", "BP to begin presenting its defense Monday in Gulf oil spill trial", "BP, Transocean Accused of 'Reckless' Actions in Spill", "U.S. Justice, Gulf states crafting BP spill settlement", "BP found "grossly negligent' in Gulf of Mexico oil spill", "BP set to pay largest environmental fine in US history for Gulf oil spill", "Kurt Mix, BP Engineer, Faces First Oil Spill Charges", "Feds File First Criminal Charges Related to BP Gulf Spill", "First Criminal Charges Filed in Deepwater Horizon Accident", "BP to pay $4.5bn penalty over Deepwater Horizon disaster", "BP Managers Plead Not Guilty to Deepwater Horizon Criminal Charges", "Halliburton manager gets 1 year probation in Gulf oil spill", "Blowout: Four years after his indictment, one of the only people prosecuted for the Deepwater Horizon explosion tells his side of the story", "Disaster prosecution is, well, a disaster", "Disaster's Toll on the Gulf and Its People", "The Great Invisible (Post-Screening Discussion)", "The Great Invisible | Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill | Independent Lens | PBS", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache (2014) - IMDb", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache Official Trailer 1 (2014) HD", "Slamdance Film Review: 'Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache', "Review: 'Vanishing Pearls' shows fallout after Gulf disasters", "Pretty Slick: The BP Deepwater Horizon Exposed - Updated and Expanded Directors Cut", "Focus on Nature: Film Series (PLV) | Current Students | October 15, 2015 | PACE UNIVERSITY", "New Film Focuses on the Demise of Louisiana's Coast", "After the Spill: Louisiana Water Stories, Part II", Journey to Planet Earth: Dispatches from the Gulf 1 (of 3), "Dispatches from the Gulf - Screenscope - Journey to Planet Earth", "Meet David Murphy: The Next Generation of Scientists (Gulf Dispatches)", "Dispatches from the Gulf: A New Documentary", "The Movie BP (Probably) Doesn't Want You To See", "Nicolas Cage Gets Serious About the BP Oil Spill In The Runner Trailer", "Black Water (BP Version) - Gulf Oil Spill Doobie Brothers Parody", "Eddie Vedder and Jimmy Fallon 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Russell Crowe and Jimmy Fallon sing 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Jimmy Fallon & Brad Paisley Sing "Balls In Your Mouth" (Late Night with Jimmy Fallon)", "Audience Suggestion Box: Jimmy Fallon & Florence Welch Sing "Balls In Your Mouth", "God's Counting on Me, God's Counting on You", "BP Research Dollars Yield Signs of Cautious Hope", "Critical Lessons from the Federal Response to the Gulf Oil Spill", Deepwater Horizon Incident, Gulf of Mexico, Science in a Time of Crisis: WHOI's response to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, "Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the, CDC Oil Spill Response Resources NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), State of Florida Oil Spill Academic Task Force, ScientificAmerican.com 2015-04020 BP Gulf Oil Spill: 5 Years Later Indepth Report, Underwater Video Examines Multiple Leak Points Causing BP Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Interactive: Smithsonian Ocean Portal, BBC News interactive animation to the disaster and blocking efforts, CSB produced blowout animation and technical explanation of cause of disaster, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill&oldid=1130796604, 4.9Mbbl (210,000,000U.S.gal; 780,000m, 2,500 to 68,000sqmi (6,500 to 176,100km, The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is referenced in the 2010 episode of, This page was last edited on 1 January 2023, at 00:57.
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